6 best phonics apps for iPad: teach kids to read, write and spell

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Phonics is the primary way in which children learn basic literacy at schools in England and Wales. Phonics is all about the sounds that each letter, and letter combination, makes. These sounds are identified and manipulated into letters and words.

Phonics is widely regarded as the quickest and most effective way of teaching young children to read, write and spell - plus, it's enjoyable to boot.

Thanks to the intuitive nature of the iPad, it's a great way to introduce your children to learning, and there are hundreds of great educational tools in the App Store. In this roundup, we'll be looking at six of the best phonics apps, primarily aimed at children aged from three to six years.

Words that you'll come across in phonics include the likes of phonemes and graphemes. These can be intimidating to the uninitiated, but - for the main - they can essentially be viewed as the simplest building blocks of spoken (phoneme) and written (grapheme) language.

It's not particularly helpful to use terms such as these in the context of an app, but they work their way into a number of the apps we've reviewed (so it's worth having a quick read of the phonics Wikipedia page before getting started).

Also, before you start learning phonics with your child, you should identify which programme your primary school is using as the core of its phonics training. Most schools will have this information on their websites or entrance literature, or you can simply ask their teacher.

Daisy, who is helping out with this group test, is at a school where they use the Department for Education's Letters and Sounds programme (bit.ly/opve6U). You can find out more general information here, including PDF guides with learning activities: bit.ly/xgUFuC)

We've chosen six leading phonics apps for this group test, which all take a slightly different approach; but all apps follow the same principles for learning phonics. So, let's get started!

Test one: Content

What do you get for your money?

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9maWd1cmU+PGJyPjwvc3Ryb25nPjwvcD4=